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WP1: Observed ocean-ice/snow-atmosphere processes: improved knowledge and existing model shortcomings
WP1: Observed ocean-ice/snow-atmosphere processes: improved knowledge and existing model shortcomings
WP1 produced integrated knowledge of how sea ice and its snow cover were coupled to oceanic, atmospheric and biogeochemical processes using ongoing and existing observations (in-situ and satellite) and existing model output.
A multidisciplinary approach was used to gain new understanding of key polar processes, evaluate their representation in models, and produce recommendations for improving model parameterizations (which were further developed in WP2).
Furthermore, WP1 developed and improved sea ice–related satellite data products.
WP2: Delivering improved ocean-ice/snow-atmosphere processes in models
WP2: Delivering improved ocean-ice/snow-atmosphere processes in models
WP2 built on the improved understanding of ocean-ice-atmosphere (OIA) processes obtained from WP1 to design novel model formulations. Conceptual descriptions were translated into mathematical models and code components within existing numerical models of varying complexity, ranging from simplified reduced-dimension representations to fully interactive climate models, which were subsequently evaluated in WP3.
Dedicated tasks focused on both the physical and biogeochemical components of the coupled OIA system in both polar regions. This included parameterizations of key polar processes affecting boundary layer dynamics, such as turbulent and radiative exchanges and momentum transfer across different ice types, as well as enhanced descriptions of polar aerosols, aerosol precursor emissions, and aerosol–cloud interactions.
Improved parameterizations of light penetration and nutrient fluxes through the ocean–ice system were developed to address the previously poor representation of metabolic responses of biological communities to polar stressors.
WP3: Polar-lower latitude interactions and teleconnections within the Earth system
WP3: Polar-lower latitude interactions and teleconnections within the Earth system
WP3 quantified processes driving interactions and teleconnections between lower latitudes (e.g. sub-polar, temperate, and tropical regions) and the polar regions, incorporating model improvements from WP2. This was achieved through a combination of dedicated Earth System Model (ESM) and General Circulation Model (GCM) experiments, along with comprehensive analyses of recent and newly available multi-model outputs (e.g. large-ensemble datasets).
In addition, WP3 provided recommendations and constraints for WP4 on how more physically and chemically comprehensive process descriptions could be used to produce more robust and reliable projections.
WP4: Improved projections of future polar and global climate, feedbacks and impacts
WP4: Improved projections of future polar and global climate, feedbacks and impacts
WP4 generated revised climate projections for selected future scenarios using global climate and Earth system models that incorporated improved chemical and physical descriptions developed in WP2 and were guided by experiments performed in WP3.
Comparisons between existing and new projections established the effects of improved process understanding on both past and future evolution of polar and global climates. New and existing projections were also used to assess climate hazards and impacts, improving the capacity to adapt to and respond to environmental changes at both polar and global scales.
Initial results and plans to study hazards and impacts were also introduced in the first public CRiceS webinar, "Impacts of climate change in polar regions: Linking sensitivities to hazards for improved understanding of climate risk", for which a recording was made available.
WP5: Data integration & management
WP5: Data integration & management
A dedicated data management team ensured that observational and model results were formatted appropriately and followed best practices and guidelines to be findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. All data were quality-checked, documented, and made available to project partners, stakeholders, the scientific community, and regional and international assessments (e.g. AMAP, IPCC).
Project data (including observational syntheses, model outputs, and code) were made publicly available in line with the Horizon 2020 Open Research Data Pilot, using EUDAT services and emerging European Open Science Cloud platforms.
WP6: Engagement, communication, project clustering
WP6: Engagement, communication, project clustering
WP6 was dedicated to knowledge transfer, public outreach, stakeholder engagement, and fostering collaboration and cross-fertilization between CRiceS, research networks, and other ongoing projects.
WP6 synthesized results generated within CRiceS to provide targeted information for stakeholders, including local and Indigenous communities, the Arctic Council, the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, and policymakers.
WP7: Project management & coordination
WP7: Project management & coordination
WP7 managed internal communication, workshops, and overall project coordination.
CRiceS management promoted equal opportunities and participation of underrepresented groups, including gender equity—particularly in leadership roles (with 50% female leadership achieved)—as well as increased opportunities for media presence and events.
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